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How Does Health Insurance Work?

Most people realize health insurance is important. Getting cover is a smart move, but just how does health insurance work?

How Does Health Insurance Work?

There is a funny old saying about insurance in general. It describes insurance as a bet between the person who is insured and the insurance company. The inured is betting that something bad happens to him, and the insurance company is betting that it doesn't. There are some that view health insurance in that manner. The idea is that should they happen to get ill or injured; the insurance company will have to pay the medical bills. If they are lucky and stay healthy and safe, they will end up paying a lot of money in premiums to the insurance company.

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This is not really the best way to explain how health insurance works. The best way to understand it is to visualize a group. In fact, health insurance was often called group insurance in the past. If the group consists of one hundred people who are all paying premiums for the insurance, the money is available to pay the medical expenses of any one of them who happens to get sick or injured. Of course, a certain amount of the money that is collected must go to administrative costs of the insurance company.

There are several problems with this model. The cost of medical care has risen dramatically in the past years. This means that the premiums of the one hundred insured people in the group must rise as well to insure adequate funds are available to pay the expenses of that one person who needs treatment. Another problem with the model is that with the rising cost of premiums, many healthy people opt out of insurance altogether. This skews the group a bit as it now consists of more people at risk for illness.

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Insurance companies have responded to these problems in two addition ways. One is the idea of increased deductibles. A deductible is an out of pocket payment by the insured that must be paid first before the insurance pays the remainder. Co-payments are similar to deductibles and are often mandated for routine charges such as routine physicals and medications. Insurance companies are also beginning to take another approach and are encouraging preventive medicine. There are discounts for non-smokers and full coverage for treatments designed to improve health and prevent illness.

The rising cost of medical treatment and the subsequent higher premiums for health insurance has led to a higher and higher number of uninsured Americans. Many others have plans structured only for help in the event of major hospitalization. They are willing to take their chances on the more routine treatments. Sadly, this sometimes leads to people avoiding treatment in the early stages of illness. This results in more serious illness developing later.

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